Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Overview: The Basics
A sigmoidoscopy is an internal exam of the lower part of the large intestine using a short, thin, flexible lighted tube (scope). It is inserted into the rectum and slowly guided into the colon. The tube, called a flexible sigmoidoscope, has a lens for viewing. It may also have a small biopsy instrument to remove tissues for examination for disease under a microscope.
What to Expect: During the Screening
During the test the patient is positioned on the left side with knees drawn up toward the chest. First, the doctor will do a rectal exam by gently inserting a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum to check for any abnormalities.
Next, the sigmoidoscope is inserted into the rectum, and the patient will feel some pressure. Air is gently introduced through the scope to expand the colon and help the doctor visualize the organ. The doctor then moves the scope as far as needed to examine the lower colon. As the scope is slowly removed, the lining of the bowel is carefully examined. A hollow channel in the center of the scope allows for the passage of forceps for taking a biopsy if needed.
How to Prepare
The colon and rectum must be completely empty to ensure the safety and efficacy of the test. Some doctors recommend a combination of a laxative and a small enema before the test. Other physicians may advise the patient to drink only clear liquids for 12-24 hours before the procedure is scheduled. a clear liquid diet consists of clear liquids or foods that turn to liquids at room temperature. This includes the following: fat-free bouillon or broth, gelatin, strained fruit juice (no grape juice or any liquid with red color), water, plain and unsweetened coffee or tea, or diet soda. The night before or even immediately before the flexible sigmoidoscopy, the patient may be given an enema, which is a liquid solution that washes out the lower intestine.
What can be found?
The doctor can help the patient determine the cause of test results and explain any abnormal findings, such as diarrhea, bowel obstruction, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease, anal fissures, hemorrhoids as well as find colon polyps that might be in this lower part of the colon.
LINKS
National Cancer Institute: Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colorectal Cancer Screening: Questions and Answers
CDC: Colorectal Cancer Screening Saves Lives (PDF)
CDC: Colorectal Cancer Basic Facts on Screening (PDF)
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